Nanomaterials for Chemical Sensors and Biotechnology

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Transport in Multilayered Nanostructures: The Dynamical Mean-field Theory Approach

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This novel book is the first comprehensive text on Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT), which has emerged over the past two decades as one of the most powerful new developments in many-body physics. Written by one of the key researchers in the field, the volume develops the formalism of many-body Green’s functions using the equation of motion approach, which requires an undergraduate solid state physics course and a graduate quantum mechanics course as prerequisites. The DMFT is applied to study transport in multilayered nanostructures, which is likely to be one of the most prominent applications of nanotechnology in the coming years. The text is modern in scope focusing on exact numerical methods rather than the perturbation theory. Formalism is developed first for the bulk and then for the inhomogeneous multilayered systems. The science behind the metal-insulator transition, electronic charge reconstruction, and superconductivity are thoroughly described. The book covers complete derivations and emphasizes how to carry out numerical calculations, including discussions of parallel programing algorithms. Detailed descriptions of the crossover from tunneling to thermally activated transport, of the properties of Josephson junctions with barriers tuned near the metal-insulator transition, and of thermoelectric coolers and power generators are provided as applications of the theory.

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Nanolubricants

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The technology involved in lubrication by nanoparticles is a rapidly developing scientific area and one that has been watched with interest for the past ten years. Nanolubrication offers a solution to many problems associated with traditional lubricants that contain sulphur and phosphorus; and though for some time the production of nanoparticles was restricted by the technologies available, today synthesis methods have been improved to such a level that it is possible to produce large quantities relatively cheaply and efficiently.

Nanolubricants develops a new concept of lubrication, based on these nanoparticles, and along with the authors’ own research it synthesises the information available on the topic of nanolubrication from existing literature and presents it in a concise form. 

• Describes the many advantages and potential applications of nanotechnology in the tribological field.
• Offers a full review of the state-of-the-art as well as much original research that is yet unpublished.
• Includes sections on boundary lubrication by colloïdal systems, nanolubricants made of metal dichalcogenides, carbon-based nanolubricants, overbased detergent salts, nanolubricants made of metals and boron-based solid nanolubricants and lubrication additives.
• Authored by highly regarded experts in the field with contributions from leading international academics.

Nanolubricants will appeal to postgraduate students, academics and researchers in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering and materials science. It should also be of interest to practising engineers with petroleum companies and mechanical manufacturers.

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Military Nanotechnology: Potential Applications and Preventive Arms Control

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This book is the first systematic and comprehensive presentation of the potential military applications of nanotechnology (NT). After a thorough introduction and overview of nanotechnology and its history, it presents the actual military NT R&D in the USA and gives a systematic description of the potential military applications of NT that may include in 10-20 years extremely small computers, miniature sensors, lighter and stronger materials in vehicles and weapons, autonomous systems of many sizes and implants in soldiers’ bodies. These potential applications are assessed from a viewpoint of international security, considering the new criteria of dangers for arms control and the international law of warfare, dangers for stability through potential new arms races and proliferation, and dangers for humans and society.

Although some applications (e.g. sensors for biological-warfare agents) could contribute to better protection against terrorist attacks or to better verification of compliance with arms-control treaties, several potential uses, like metal-free firearms, small missiles or implants and other body manipulation raise strong concerns. For preventive limitation of these potentially dangerous applications of NT, specific approaches are proposed that balance positive civilian uses and take into account verification of compliance.

This book will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, peace studies, conflict resolution and international security, as well as specialists in the fields of military technology and chemical-biological weapons.

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Nanotechnology Applications in Coatings

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Nanotechnology based coating products have shown remarkable growth in recent years. This book begins with an overview chapter on recent scientific and technological advancements in nanotechnology applications in this field. Subsequent chapters cover, in detail, a number of key applications of nanotechnology in coatings, along with the related fundamental science. Some contributions focus on issues related to inorganic/organic nanocomposite coating films, including dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles and nanoclays. Surface Functionalized nanoparticles, predispersed inorganic nanoparticles that can be mixed with existing organic coating formulations and organic/inorganic hybrid latexes are approaches discussed for preparation of nanocomposite coatings having improved scratch, corrosion, and UV resistance. Several chapters address nanostructure development approaches to impart specialized functionality and performance to coatings. Nanoporous adhesive microbial ink-jet ink for miniature biosensors and biocatalysts and nanostructured conjugated polymer networks are discussed. Characterization of nanostructure and nanoparticle dispersion in coatings is a difficult challenge, and this challenge is addressed in several chapters. Assessment of phopocatalytic activity of nanoparticles, use of atomic force microscopy, applications of Nano-Indentation for mechanical property measurements, and nano-thermal analysis are discussed. Size determination techniques suitable for nanoparticles are also reviewed. The highly multidisciplinary nature of the field is evident throughout the book.

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