Advances in Solid State Physics, Vol. 45

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The present volume 45 of Advances in Solid-State Physics contains the written versions of selected invited lectures from the spring meeting of the Arbeitskreis Festkörperphysik of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft in the World Year of Physics 2005, the Einstein Year, which was held from 4 – 11 March 2005 in Berlin, Germany. Many topical talks given at the numerous symposia are included. Most of these were organized collaboratively by several of the divisions of the Arbeitskreis. The book presents, to some extent, the status of the field of solid-state physics in 2005 not only in Germany but also internationally. It is ”nanoscience”, namely the physics of quantum dots and wires, electrical transport, optical properties, spin transport in nanostructures, and magnetism on the nanoscale, that is of central interest to the physics community. Also, soft matter and biological systems are covered.

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Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical Energy Production and Storage

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The key problem facing new energy conversion and storage technologies remains device efficiency. Designs based on nanostructured materials can yield improved performance in devices employing electrochemical reactions and heterogeneous catalysis, such as fuel and solar cells, batteries, etc. Nanoscale structures dramatically alter the surface reaction rates and electrical transport throughout the material, causing a dramatic improvement in energy storage, conversion, and generation. This book describes properties of nanostructured materials that can be the basis of improved performance in a wide range of alternative energy devices. Fundamental concepts of nanostructured materials such as nanocrystals synthesis and properties, thermodynamics and defect chemistry, and interfacial and physical electrochemistry are presented as are the impact and application of nanoscale materials in specific alternative energy devices. These materials and devices promise not only the development of a wide range of new technologies, but also the potential for a more sustainable energy future. Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical Energy Production and Storage is an authoritative and essential reference from world-renowned research groups for scientists and engineers in the fields of materials science and electrochemistry.

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Electrical Transport in Nanoscale Systems

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This graduate textbook provides an in-depth description of the transport phenomena relevant to systems of nanoscale dimensions. The different theoretical approaches are critically discussed, with emphasis on their basic assumptions and approximations. The book also covers information content in the measurement of currents, the role of initial conditions in establishing a steady state, and the modern use of density-functional theory. Topics are introduced by simple physical arguments, with particular attention to the non-equilibrium statistical nature of electrical conduction, and followed by a detailed formal derivation. This textbook is ideal for graduate students in physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering.

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Electrical Transport Properties of Single III-Nitride Nanowires: GaN, InN and ZnO nanowires

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The electrical transport properties studies on single GaN and InN nanowires were studied. First, we report studies on the effect of UV/ozone cleaning on n-type GaN nanowires. After subtraction of this contact resistivity from the total resistance of the nanowire, it was found that the ozone treatment reduced the apparent resistivity from 71 to 0.7 ¿ cm. Second, a simple fabrication process for single GaN nanowire field effect transistor on Si substrate was demonstrated. The as-grown GaN nanowires exhibited n-type conductivity after annealing. From the temperature-dependence resistance behavior, the transport was dominated by tunneling in these annealed nanowires. Third, the transport properties of single InN nanowires grown by thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition were measured as a function of both length/square of radius ratio and temperature. The usual Ohm¿s law will fail in small nanowires in the diffusive regime when the wire radius is comparable with electron de Broglie¿s wavelength or the scatter potential range.

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