Electrochemical detection of trace insulin at carbon-nanotube-modified electrodes

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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Carbon-nanotube (CNT)-modified glassy-carbon electrodes dramatically accelerate the electrooxidation of insulin to offer an attractive amperometric detection of this important hormone. Hydrodynamic voltammograms indicate a substantial lowering of the detection potential, with oxidation starting above +0.5V (versus Ag/AgCl) and leveling off of the response above +0.7V. The flow-injection amperometric response (at pH 7.4) is highly linear (to at least 1000nM), reproducible (RSD=4.8%;n=30), and fast (peak width of 45s). The high sensitivity (48nA/@mM) and moderate detection potential (+0.8V) lead to a low detection limit of 14nM. Such performance characteristics compare favorably with those of previously reported metal-oxide-modified electrodes for insulin, and indicate great promise for in vivo measurements of insulin release and for monitoring this hormone in chromatographic effluents.

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First-Principles Calculations In Real-Space Formalism: Electronic Configurations And Transport Properties Of Nanostructures

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With cutting-edge materials and minute electronic devices being produced by the latest nanoscale fabrication technology, it is essential for scientists and engineers to rely on first-principles (ab initio) calculation methods to fully understand the electronic configurations and transport properties of nanostructures. It is now imperative to introduce practical and tractable calculation methods that accurately describe the physics in nanostructures suspended between electrodes. This timely volume addresses novel methods for calculating electronic transport properties using real-space formalisms free from geometrical restrictions. The book comprises two parts: The first details the basic formalism of the real-space finite-difference method and its applications. This provides the theoretical foundation for the second part of the book, which presents the methods for calculating the properties of electronic transport through nanostructures sandwiched by semi-infinite electrodes.

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Vacuum Technology: Practice for Scientific Instruments

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Nanotechnology has reached a level where almost every new development and even every new product uses features of nanoscopic properties of materials. As a consequence, an enormous amount of scientific instruments is used in order to synthesize and analyze new structures and materials. Due to the surface sensitivity of such materials, many of these instruments require ultrahigh vacuum that has to be provided under extreme conditions like very high voltages.

In this book, Yoshimura provides a review of the UHV related development during the last decades. His very broad experience in the design enables him to present us this detailed reference. After a general description how to design UHV systems, he covers all important issue in detail, like pumps, outgasing, Gauges, and Electrodes for high voltages.

Thus, this book serves as reference for everybody using UVH in his scientific equipment.

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Point-Contact Spectroscopy

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The physical principles of spectroscopy of quasi-particle excitations in metals at low temperatures by means of point contacts are presented. The point contact constitutes a tiny metallic bridge connecting bulk electrodes. The spectroscopic regime corresponding to the contact dimensions range from only a few to tens of nanometers. For contacts larger than the inelastic electron free mean path the thermal regime holds. Along with most thoroughly studied phono excitations, the interaction of electrons with other quasiparticles (magnons, crystal-field electron excitations, paramagnetic impurities, two-level systems, etc), are reviewed. Various experimental techniques for point contact production are described, and many examples of point -contact spectra are presented for pure metals, alloys and compounds, as well as for semimetals and semiconductors, heavy fermion systems, Kond-lattices, mixed valence compounds and so forth. Superconducting point contacts are considered in respect to Andreev reflection and Josephson effects. Special attention is paid to contact conductance fluctuation, are regarded as well as new trends of research are outlined.

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Electrochemical determination of hydrogen sulfide at carbon nanotube modified electrodes

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Carbon nanotube (CNT) modified glassy carbon electrodes exhibiting a strong and stable electrocatalytic response towards sulfide are described. A substantial (400mV) decrease in the overvoltage of the sulfide oxidation reaction (compared to ordinary carbon electrodes) is observed using the CNT-modified electrode, with oxidation starting at ca. -0.3V (versus Ag/AgCl; pH 7.4). The CNT-coated electrodes thus allow highly sensitive, low potential (+0.1V), stable amperometric sensing. A wide linear dynamic range (1.25-112.5@mM) was achieved with a detection limit of 0.3@mM (9ppb). The enhance sensitivity is coupled to an improved stability. Such ability of carbon nanotubes to promote the sulfide electron-transfer reaction suggests great promise for miniaturized sensors for hydrogen sulfide.

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