Electrons and Electromagnetic Fields in Nanometer-Scale Structures

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This book deals with a topic of vital importance to the design and function of nanodevices. It covers combined systems of electrons and electromagnetic fields at nanometer scales. When the dimensions of an electromagnetic field reach the nanometer scale, it is impossible to determine whether it is an electromagnetic phenomenon or an excited electronic system. This volume covers this interdisciplinary field, with contributions from both the electronic system and electromagnetic areas.

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How Electromagnetic Fields and Magnets Assist in Medical Treatments Today

There are quite a few different ways to see the force of an electromagnetic field. Medical devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-rays use static magnetic fields to run tests on the body. The sun pours electromagnetic radiation on the earth in the form of UV rays. Radioactive elements holding electromagnetic charges are found deep beneath the earth’s surface. Microwaves, mobile phones, refrigerators, and other devices that are electronic, send out their own electromagnetic waves. The usage of electromagnetic fields for the treatment and healing of the body is most intriguing.

The FDA has approved using electromagnetic fields for treating depression. Thirty-seven million people in America, or about one fourth of women and one tenth of men, suffer from depression. During trans-magnetic stimulation, a potent electromagnet energizes the brain’s left frontal lobe, vitalizing brain cells, and forcing neurotransmitter brain chemicals to send all kind of signals. While a lot of research is still going on, the advantages of the electromagnetic pulse is that it’s fast, has no side effects, and works many times on patients who have had no success with other treatments.

In a number of studies, those suffering from multiple sclerosis have also exhibited good results from electromagnetic field therapy. Patients were able to walk and balance better after two 20-30 minute treatments of picoTesla range, low-frequency electromagnetic fields, with a 15 minute break in between each treatment. People with MS were still able to get around even when there was external stimulus. In other studies, 10 days of electromagnetic field therapy reduced excessive fatigue and, in some cases, electromagnetic stimulation resulted in diminished spasticity.

Magnets and electromagnetic field treatment is delightful in that magnets can be traced and followed once they get into the body. Lately, researchers are applying magnets and nanotechnology to seek out a more effective cure for cancer. For an example, they have been able to use nano-magnets attached to antibodies to bind to cancerous cells in order that high-powered radio waves can heat up and kill the cancerous cells, all the while leaving the surrounding healthy tissue and cells untouched. This very new and exciting field is still in its infancy; it has not reached the stage where human testing can be done, yet it holds great promise for the future of electromagnetics and cancer research.

There are some who are concerned about the impact of long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields; you may have heard this expressed in relation to radiation emanating from cell phones, laptops, refrigerators, televisions, radios, and other electronic devices. The World Health Organization, nevertheless, has discovered no connection between electromagnetic wave radiation and cancer, nor other impairment. In the hope of the ability to treat other types of physical and mental illness, scientists are still researching how magnets do their work in the body.

Binding and Scattering in Two-Dimensional Systems: Applications to Quantum Wires, Waveguides and Photonic Crystals

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This monograph is accessible to anyone with an undergraduate background in quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and some solid state physics. It describes in detail the properties of particles and fields in quasi-two-dimensional systems used to approximate realistic quantum heterostructures. Here the authors treat wires, i.e. they assume an infinite hardwall potential for the system. They discuss bound states, the properties of transmission and reflection, conductance, etc. It is shown that the simple models developed in this book in detail are capable of understanding even complex physical phenomena. The methods are applied to optical states in photonic crystals, and similarities and differences between those and electronic states in quantum heterostructures and electromagnetic fields in waveguides are discussed.

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