Symmetry and Heterogeneity in High Temperature Superconductors

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The object of this book is the quantum mechanism that allows the macroscopic quantum coherence of a superconducting condensate to resist to the attacks of high temperature. Solution to this fundamental problem of modern physics is needed for the design of room temperature superconductors, for controlling the decoherence effects in the quantum computers and for the understanding of a possible role of quantum coherence in living matter that is debated today in quantum biophysics. The recent experimental results on nanoscale phase separation and the two component scenario in high T_c in doped cuprate and the lower symmetry in the superconducting elements at high pressure area presented. The compelling evidence for multiband superconductivity in MgB₂ that provides the simplest system for testing the high T_c theories, and plays the same role as atomic hydrogen for the development of the quantum mechanics in the twenties, is one of the main points of the book. The multiband superconductivity enhances the critical temperature from the low T_c range T_c < 19K, to the high temperature range, T_c = 40K. The heterogeneous structure, the superlattice of superconducting layers, determines the disparity and different spatial location of the Bloch wave functions of electrons at the Fermi level that provides in superconductivity the clean limit. The chemical potential can be tuned by atomic substitutions without increasing inelastic single electron interband scattering. The Feshbach shape resonance in the exchange-like off-diagonal interband pairing term, as predicted since 1993, appears to be the mechanism for evading temperature decoherence effects and enhancing the critical temperature.

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Carbon Nanotubes Field Emission Diode: Nanoelectronic Device

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A fully integrated field emission diode (FED) using carbon nanotubes as electron field emitter was constructed. The device was designed and fabricated on a glass substrate by screen-printing thick film technique. The FED was operated at 100 V for giving a forward current density of 180 mA/cm2. A leakage current of 1 pA was measured then a 1000 V reverse voltage was applied, indicating that a high voltage blocking capability was obtained from such a device. From theoretical calculation and experimental results, the FED can be operated in megahertz due to very high speed of electrons traveling through them vacuum gap on forward operation and a small residue capacitance as well as minimum the reverse recovery time on reverse operation. The high performance of the novel FED was fabricated by a cost effective process combined with nanomaterials which opens up a route to produce miniaturized vacuum devices and new applications for such kind of the integrated vacuum microelectronic device.

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Electrochemical studies of single-wall carbon nanotubes as nanometer-sized activators in enzyme-catalyzed reaction

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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Chronoamperometry based on the ”controlling-diffusion layer” concept of the convective system was used to assay the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on a bare glassy carbon (GC) electrode and a GC electrode modified by a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) film. The effects of lanthanum ion, oxalic acid, and nicotine on the LDH activity were monitored. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that the single-wall carbon nanotubes could markedly increase the activity of LDH. The activation and inhibition were characterized by three quantities: the real initial reaction rate (V”0) and the maximum reaction rate (V”m”a”x) of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction and the Michaelis-Menten constant (K”m). Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and the Raman spectra unambiguously demonstrated that the single-wall carbon nanotubes could interact with the enzyme LDH while the SWNT-modified electrode was under the potential control. In this case, the activation of SWNT was attributed to the interaction of SWNTs with the enzyme.

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Phase Separation in Soft Matter Physics

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This is the first monograph devoted to investigation of the most complex physical processes – phase transitions, critical phenomena and super-molecular organization – of soft systems, including a wide class of solutions from associated to micellar ones. Their thermophysical parameters are determined, and special attention is paid to problems of emergence and stability of the microemulsion state. The monograph also blends modern theoretical understanding and experimental results, while new methods and models for the description of several soft systems are proposed. The book is intended for scientists, engineers, graduate and doctoral students interested in the problems of the physics of soft matter.

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Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials

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This book outlines the basic science underlying the prediction of stress and velocity distributions in granular materials. The nature of a rigid-plastic material is discussed and a comparison is made between the Coulomb and conical (extended Von Mises) models. The methods of measuring material properties are described and an interpretation of the experimental results is considered in the context of the Critical State Theory. Exercises and solutions are provided that will be particularly useful for the reader.

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