Physics of Carbon Nanotube Devices

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Possibly the most impactful material in the nanotechnology arena, carbon nanotubes have spurred a tremendous amount of scientific research and development. Their superior mechanical and chemical robustness makes them easily manipulable and allows for the assembly of various types of devices, including electronic, electromechanical, opto-electronic and sensing devices.

In the field of nanotube devices, however, concepts that describe the properties of conventional devices do not apply. Carbon nanotube devices behave much differently from those using traditional materials, and offer entirely new functionality. This book – designed for researchers, engineers and graduate students alike – bridges the experimental and theoretical aspects of carbon nanotube devices. It emphasizes and explains the underlying physics that govern their working principles, including applications in electronics, nanoelectromechanical systems, field emission, optoelectronics and sensing. Other topics include: electrical contacts, p-n junctions, transistors, ballistic transport, field emission, oscillators, rotational actuators, electron-phonon scattering, photoconductivity, and light emission. Many of the aspects discussed here differ significantly from those learned in books or traditional materials, and are essential for the future development of carbon nanotube technology.

. Bridges experimental and theoretical aspects of carbon nanotube devices, focusing on the underlying physics that govern their working principles
. Explains applications in electronics, nanoelectromechanical systems, field emission, optoelectronics and sensing.
. Other topics include: electrical contacts, p-n junctions, transistors, ballistic transport, field emission, oscillators, rotational actuators, electron-phonon scattering, photoconductivity, and light emission.
. Covers aspects that significantly differ from those learned in traditional materials, yet are essential for future advancement of carbon nanotube technology.

* Bridges experimental and theoretical aspects of carbon nanotube devices, focusing on the underlying physics that govern their working principles
* Explains applications in electronics, nanoelectromechanical systems, field emission, optoelectronics and sensing.
* Other topics include: electrical contacts, p-n junctions, transistors, ballistic transport, field emission, oscillators, rotational actuators, electron-phonon scattering, photoconductivity, and light emission
* Covers aspects that significantly differ from those learned in traditional materials, yet are essential for future advancement of carbon nanotube technology.

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Nanomaterials Handbook

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  Even before it was identified as a science and given a name,  nanotechnology was the province of the most innovative inventors. In medieval times, craftsmen, ingeniously employing nanometer-sized gold particles, created the enchanting red hues found in the gold ruby glass of cathedral windows. Today, nanomaterials are being just as creatively used to improve old products, as well as usher in new ones. From tires to CRTs to sunscreens, nanomaterials are becoming a part of every industry.

The Nanomaterials Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of nanomaterials. Employing terminology familiar to materials scientists and engineers, it provides an introduction that delves into the unique nature of nanomaterials. Looking at the quantum effects that come into play and other characteristics realized at the nano level, it explains how the properties displayed by nanomaterials can differ from those displayed by single crystals and conventional microstructured, monolithic, or composite materials.

The introduction is followed by an in-depth investigation of carbon-based nanomaterials, which are as important to nanotechnology as silicon is to electronics. However, it goes beyond the usual discussion of nanotubes and nanofibers to consider graphite whiskers, cones and polyhedral crystals, and nanocrystalline diamonds. It also provides significant new information with regard to nanostructured semiconductors, ceramics, metals, biomaterials, and polymers, as well as nanotechnology’s application in drug delivery systems, bioimplants, and field-emission displays.

The Nanomaterials Handbook is edited by world-renowned nanomaterials scientist Yury Gogotsi, who has recruited his fellow-pioneers from academia, national laboratories, and industry, to provide coverage of the latest material developments in America, Asia, Europe, and Australia.

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Photocatalytic activity of the calcined H-titanate nanowires for photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Hydrogen titanate (H-titanate) nanowires were prepared via a hydrothermal reaction of TiO”2 powders (P25) in KOH solutions and then calcined at various temperatures. The phase structure, crystallite size, morphology, specific surface area, and pore structures of the calcined H-titanate nanowires at various temperatures were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air. With increasing calcination temperature, the specific surface area and porosity of the calcined samples steadily decreased. At a calcination temperature range of 400-600^oC, the calcined H-titanate nanowires showed higher photocatalytic activity than P25 powders for photocatalytic oxidation of acetone. Especially, at 500^oC, the calcined H-titanate nanowires showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which exceeded that of P25 by a factor of about 1.8 times. This can be attributed to the synergetic effect of larger specific surface area, higher pore volume and the presence of brookite TiO”2. With further increase in the calcination temperature (700-900^oC), the photocatalytic activity of the samples decreased obviously owing to the growth of TiO”2 crystallites.

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Enhanced Field Emission from Metallic Surfaces and Nanowires

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The role of material properties, surface preparation and cleaning techniques on Nb and Cu was studied for EFE , which is disastrous for high field vacuum devices. Dry ice cleaning is found to suppress EFE from the metallic surfaces very efficiently. High purity single crystal and large grain Nb samples showed the onset of FE at high fields (120 ? 200 MV/m).For the first time, the grain boundary assisted field emission was observed for Nb. A correlationbetween size of emitters and onset fields is obtained, which sets a threshold for the tolerable defect size to achieve the envisaged accelerating gradients in cavities reliably.Additionaly, the systematic study performed on electrochemically deposited Cu, Ni and Au nanowires of different aspect ratios and spatial distribution for cold cathode applications. In our findings, Au coating on Ni nanowires provided improved FE properties. Further, in Au Nanowires up to 40 % percentage of the wires were emitting. Achieving much larger emitter number densities ~10^5 cm^?2 at 6 V/µm compared to CNT cathodes with respect to the number of deposited nanostructures, makes Au NWs interesting for cold cathode applications.

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Inorganic Nanowires: Applications, Properties, and Characterization

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Advances in nanofabrication, characterization tools, and the drive to commercialize nanotechnology products have contributed to the significant increase in research on inorganic nanowires (INWs). Yet few if any books provide the necessary comprehensive and coherent account of this important evolution.

Presenting essential information on both popular and emerging varieties, Inorganic Nanowires: Applications, Properties, and Characterization addresses the growth, characterization, and properties of nanowires. Authors Meyyappan—a NASA scientist and renowned leader in nanoscience and technology—and Sunkara—a major contributor to nanowire literature—offer an in-depth overview of various types of nanowires, including semiconducting, metallic, and oxide varieties. This book also includes extensive coverage of applications that use INWs and those with great potential in electronics, optoelectronics, field emission, thermoelectric devices, and sensors.

This invaluable reference:

• Traces the evolution of nanotechnology and classifies nanomaterials
• Describes nanowires and their potential applications to illustrate connectivity and continuity
• Discusses growth techniques, at both laboratory and commercial scales
• Evaluates the most important aspects of classical thermodynamics associated with the nucleation and growth of nanowires
• Details the development of silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and other materials in the form of nanowires used in electronics applications
• Explores the physical, electronic and other properties of nanowires

The explosion of nanotechnology research activities for various applications is due in large part to the advances in the growth of nanowires. Continued development of novel nanostructured materials is essential to the success of so many economic sectors, ranging from computing and communications to transportation and medicine. This volume discusses how and why nanowires are ideal candidates to replace bulk and thin film materials. It covers the principles behind device operation and then adds a detailed assessment of nanowire fabrication, performance results, and future prospects and challenges, making this book a valuable resource for scientists and engineers in just about any field.

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