Giant Magneto-Resistance Devices

Product Description
This book deals with the application of giant magneto-resistance (GMR) effects to electronic devices. It will appeal to engineers and graduate students in the fields of electronic devices and materials. The main subjects are magnetic sensors with high resolution and magnetic read heads with high sensitivity, required for hard-disk drives with recording densities of several gigabytes. Another important subject is novel magnetic random-access memories (MRAM) with non-volatile non-destructive and radiation-resistant characteristics. Other topics include future GMR devices based on bipolar spin transistors, spin field-effect transistors (FETs) and double-tunnel junctions.

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Blu-ray Recordable DVD Technology by Tdk

The new blu-ray DVD disks introduced by the TDK Corporation are the BD-R25, BD-R50, BD-RE25 and BD-RE50. TDK BD-R25 and BD-R50 are “write-once” discs while the other two BD-RE25 and BD-RE50 are the “rewritable” blu-ray disks. TDK (BD-R25) is single layered and single sided blu-ray disk with capacity of 25GB. TDK (BD-R50) is also single layered and single sided blu-ray disk with more recording capacity of 50GB. BD-RE25 is dual layered, single sided blu-ray disk having 25GB recording capacity. BD-RE50 is also dual layered, single sided blu-ray disk having twice the recording capacity of 50GB.

Initially the blu-ray disks used a protected cartridge but now TDK introduced the technology of DURABLES-2 (hard coating) in both the Blu-ray DVD disks of BD-R & BD-RE. So, a recording surface is achieved that is very highly resistant to dirt, scratches and the fingerprint smudges. Therefore, the users can freely use the blu-ray DVD disks without any anxiety. Above the recording layer of disk is utilized spin coating of high precision to form the cover layer. So, smoothness is realized at nano level and this ensures stabilized characteristics of playback and recording.

The previous types of write once disks used organic dye while the recording layer of new TDK BD-R blu-ray DVD disks use inorganic material. As light does not effect the recording layer, so the disk realizes remarkable achievable. The error rate of BD-RE is has a very low even after overwrites of 10,000 due to the phase change material that is highly sensitive. For achieving functioning layer’s precision forming of the dual layered 50GB blu-ray disk, the stacking technology of high precision has been added.

The layer-0 (lower layer) and layer-1 (lower layer) are combined together in terms of recording layer and high sensitivity transparency ratio, ensuring stabilized characteristics of playback and recording. TDK Corporation’s commitment to the advanced technology of optical disk has created the world’s first high capacity Blu-ray DVD disks (25GB & 50GB) with capable recording speed of 2X. BD-R and BD-RE blu-ray disks from TDK provide greater facility along with large data storage capacities hence expanding optical recording’s potential.

The other name for Blu-ray disks is “BD disk” which is the optical disk format’s next generation. This disk format was joint introduction by the BDA Blu-ray Disk Association (group of companies that include Dell, HP, JVC, Hitachi, Apple, Mitsubishi, Pioneer, LG, Panasonic, Thomson, Sony, TDK, Philips, Sharp and Samsung). The main purpose for developing this DVD disk format was to enable the HD video’s rewriting, playback and recording and the ability to hold more volume of data.

The blu-ray DVD format is more advantageous than the traditional DVD. The latest technology induced in the blu-ray disk format enables it to hold data more than 5 times as that of which the DVD can store. The recording capacities of the single layered blu-ray disk are 25GB and that of the dual layered disk is 50GB.

The combination of extra data recording capacity and utilization of advanced codec of audio and video provide the consumers the HD High definition experience that is unprecedented. The main difference between the other disk technologies (DVD, DVD-RAM, DVD±RW, and DVD±R) and blu-ray disk format is that the blue-violet laser is used in the blu-ray while red laser is used in the other formats for the function of reading and writing data onto the disk. That is why it has been given the name of blu-ray.

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Electrochemical detection of trace insulin at carbon-nanotube-modified electrodes

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Carbon-nanotube (CNT)-modified glassy-carbon electrodes dramatically accelerate the electrooxidation of insulin to offer an attractive amperometric detection of this important hormone. Hydrodynamic voltammograms indicate a substantial lowering of the detection potential, with oxidation starting above +0.5V (versus Ag/AgCl) and leveling off of the response above +0.7V. The flow-injection amperometric response (at pH 7.4) is highly linear (to at least 1000nM), reproducible (RSD=4.8%;n=30), and fast (peak width of 45s). The high sensitivity (48nA/@mM) and moderate detection potential (+0.8V) lead to a low detection limit of 14nM. Such performance characteristics compare favorably with those of previously reported metal-oxide-modified electrodes for insulin, and indicate great promise for in vivo measurements of insulin release and for monitoring this hormone in chromatographic effluents.

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Amperometric determination of -N-methylsalsolinol and monoamine neurotransmitters with liquid chromatography using functionalized multi-wall …

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
The fabrication and application of a novel electrochemical detection (ED) system with the functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) chemically modified electrode (CME) for liquid chromatography (LC) were described. The electrochemical behaviors of dopamine (DA) at the CME were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It was found that the CME exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic effect on the current responses of (R)-salsolinol ((R)-Sal), (R)-N-methylsalsolinol ((R)-NMSal), and monoamine neurotransmitters with high sensitivity, stability, and long-life of activity. In LC-ED, all (R)-Sal, (R)-NMSal, DA, norepinephrine (NE), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) had good and stable current responses at the CME. The linear ranges of the nine analytes were over three orders of magnitude (R^2>0.995). The application of this method coupled with microdialysis sampling for the determination of (R)-Sal, (R)-NMSal, and monoamine neurotransmitters in Parkinson’s patients’ cerebrospinal fluid was satisfactory.

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Carbon-nanotubes doped polypyrrole glucose biosensor

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
We report on the one-step preparation route of amperometric enzyme electrodes based on incorporating a carbon-nanotube (CNT) dopant and the biocatalyst within an electropolymerized polypyrrole film. Cyclic voltammetric growth profiles indicate that the anionic CNT is incorporated within the growing film for maintaining its electrical neutrality. The entrapment of the CNT has little effect upon the electropolymerization rate and redox properties of the resulting film. The CNT dopant retains its electrocatalytic activity to impart high sensitivity and selectivity. Linearity prevails up to ca. 50mM glucose, with a slight curvature thereafter. Relevant parameters of the film preparation were examined and optimized. Such an electropolymerization avenue represents a simple, one-step route for preparing enzyme electrodes and should further facilitate the widespread production of CNT-based electrochemical biosensors.

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