Silicon Nanoelectronic Devices: Fabrication and Transport Properties

Product Description
It is estimated that the scaling of conventional silicon MOSFETs will end around the year 2020. While this certainly does not preclude the use of silicon in future devices, it does require new thoughts on the types of practical devices that can be used in integrated circuits. Namely, those that reduce power and work at least partly on the principles of quantum mechanics (such as spintronic or tunneling devices) will tend to be favored. The research presented herein is based on the fabrication and transport properties of nanometer-scale devices in silicon. The most promising of these structures are nanowires fabricated with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). These high-density nanowires display the low-temperature phenomena of weak localization and one-dimensional conduction. Long-term applications of such nanowires and derivative devices include alternatives to conventional CMOS transistors and very sensitive charge and/or spin-detection devices. In addition, focused ion beams (FIBs) have been used to directly and precisely implant ions in the hope that they may be used to contact nanodevices, but surface damage may preclude that possibility.

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Fabrication Engineering at the Micro and Nanoscale

Product Description
Designed for advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate courses in semiconductor or microelectronic fabrication, the third edition of Fabrication Engineering at the Micro and Nanoscale provides a thorough and accessible introduction to all fields of micro and nano fabrication. Completely revised and updated, the text covers the entire basic unit processes used to fabricate integrated circuits and other devices. It includes more worked examples, illustrations, and expands coverage of the frontiers of fabrication processes.

The physics and chemistry of each process are introduced along with descriptions of the equipment used to carry out the processes. The text uses a popular commercial process simulation suite–the Silvaco Athena® set of codes–to provide meaningful examples of many of the basic processes including diffusion, oxidation, lithography, and deposition.

The book goes on to discuss the integration of these basic unit processes into various technologies, concentrating on CMOS transistors. The text breaks down the material into treatments on the concepts of process modules, thermal budget, advanced architectures, and the use of channel strain for improved performance.

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Handbook of Ellipsometry

Product Description

Ever progressive miniaturization of integrated circuits and breakthroughs in knowledge of biological macromolecules deriving from DNA and protein surface research are propelling ellipsometry, a measurement technique based on phase and amplitude changes in polarized light, to greater popularity in a widening array of applications. Ellipsometry, without contact and non-damaging to samples, is an ideal measurement technique to determine optical and physical properties of materials at the nano scale. With the acceleration of new instruments and applications occurring today, this book provides a much needed foundation of the science and technology of ellipsometry for scientists and engineers in industry and academia at the forefront of nanotechnology developments in instrumentation, integrated circuits, fiber optics, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals. Divided into four sections, this comprehensive handbook covers the theory of ellipsometry, instrumentation, applications, and emerging areas.

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Tracing the Evolution of the Home Computer

The home personal computer as we know it today can be traced back to the computing architecture designed by John von Neumann back in 1945.  It defined computers as a synergy of hardware and software where the latter provided an instruction set that tells the hardware just what and how to do what it was designed to.  
Many will trace the origins of the computer back to the invention of the abacus.  To the extent that the abacus was a precursor of the binary mathematics that’s at the root of any computing machine language, that may be so.  
But as a tool that does the work we expect, the first computers were purely hardware machines that don’t have an iota of flexibility and were constructed purely as a scientific calculator with very narrow focus.  The way we know computers to behave and act really got its first grounding from von Neumann who devised the stored application or program architectures that’s basic to any computer.
Making Them Smaller
Certain technological milestones paved the way for computers to become what they are today.  The most defining milestone was the emergence of transistors and Integrated circuits in the 60s. Up until the late 50s, computers used vacuum tubes that occupied large rooms or entire building floors. Getting the most computing power for any given volume of space became the trend as computers the size of a large room came down to freezer and ref sizes.
Miniaturization became an essential factor in the market acceptability of computers.  But not at the expense of computing power for sure.  Companies can often allocate the rooms and facilities to support one, no matter how large.  The IBM and Unisys mainframe computers required large rooms, often complexes to house DASD storage arrays each the size of a large washing machine and CPUs the size of 14 cu.ft refrigerators that you often find them in clusters.
A Computer in Every Home
It couldn’t be done at those sizes and the millions you need to have one.  The technological trigger that started the road to home computing came with Intel’s 8080 line of processor chips.  It didn’t make the PC home-bound right away, it will take years for this.  After this last major technical landmark came a slew of developments that made computing power cheaper and their housing a lot smaller.
Of course, not all households could afford the Personal Computer at that time, as only the rich and corporate executives can.  That was in the early 80s.  In another 10 years, the PC will see its place in the home at a rate faster than it took corporations to realize they can’t do without computers.  By then the Intel processing power has increased a hundred fold while remaining as small as it was when it started with the IBM PC.  
The Current Generation
The internet has given rise to a new generation of computing devices that has one clear advantage of computers of the past – true portability.  You can carry a laptop anywhere on the planet and stay connected with your family and colleagues in the office.  Miniaturization has been unrelenting over the last decades, making the power of a mainframe computer reside on a footprint no larger than half the size of a credit card and soldered with related component no bigger than a grade school notebook.
The new generation will see a more of this happening.  Already computer makers are talking about nanotechnologies than can further compress the computer power into even smaller footprints.  Our kids are sure to benefit from them soon.  GP

Bio-Inspired and Nanoscale Integrated Computing

Product Description
Brings the latest advances in nanotechnology and biology to computing

This pioneering book demonstrates how nanotechnology can create even faster, denser computing architectures and algorithms. Furthermore, it draws from the latest advances in biology with a focus on bio-inspired computing at the nanoscale, bringing to light several new and innovative applications such as nanoscale implantable biomedical devices and neural networks.

Bio-Inspired and Nanoscale Integrated Computing features an expert team of interdisciplinary authors who offer readers the benefit of their own breakthroughs in integrated computing as well as a thorough investigation and analyses of the literature. Carefully edited, the book begins with an introductory chapter providing a general overview of the field. It ends with a chapter setting forth the common themes that tie the chapters together as well as a forecast of emerging avenues of research.

Among the important topics addressed in the book are modeling of nano devices, quantum computing, quantum dot cellular automata, dielectrophoretic reconfigurable nano architectures, multilevel and three-dimensional nanomagnetic recording, spin-wave architectures and algorithms, fault-tolerant nanocomputing, molecular computing, self-assembly of supramolecular nanostructures, DNA nanotechnology and computing, nanoscale DNA sequence matching, medical nanorobotics, heterogeneous nanostructures for biomedical diagnostics, biomimetic cortical nanocircuits, bio-applications of carbon nanotubes, and nanoscale image processing.

Readers in electrical engineering, computer science, and computational biology will gain new insights into how bio-inspired and nanoscale devices can be used to design the next generation of enhanced integrated circuits.

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