Nanobiotechnology Molecular Diagnostics: Current Techniques and Applications

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Molecular diagnostics has evolved rapidly during the past decade and has an impact on the practice of medicine as well as many other applications including drug discovery. Advances in biotechnology have been incorporated into molecular diagnostics. There has been a distinct trend in miniaturization with development of biochips and microfluidics. This trend has continued with the development of nanotechnology. Nanotechnologies are now being applied to molecular diagnostics to refine and extend the limits of detection. As the introductory chapter on molecular diagnostics shows, there are a large number of technologies and only a fraction of these have yet been affected by the introduction of nanobiotechnology. There is a tremendous scope for further development.

This book gives an introduction to nanobiotechnology relevant to molecular diagnostics, a field that has been termed nanodiagnostics. The current state of development of nanodiagnostic technologies including nanobiochips and nanobiosensors is reviewed. Besides important applications in clinical diagnostics, the role of molecular diagnostics in drug discovery is also described.

The voluminous literature relevant to this topic was reviewed and 180 selected references are included in the bibliography. The book will be useful for those developing nanobiotechnology, clinical laboratories, researchers in molecular diagnostics and scientists involved in drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry. Financiers of nanotechnology have a scientific interest in the new developments and this book will be a source of useful information including the development of technologies in the commercial sector.

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Bio-Inspired and Nanoscale Integrated Computing

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Brings the latest advances in nanotechnology and biology to computing

This pioneering book demonstrates how nanotechnology can create even faster, denser computing architectures and algorithms. Furthermore, it draws from the latest advances in biology with a focus on bio-inspired computing at the nanoscale, bringing to light several new and innovative applications such as nanoscale implantable biomedical devices and neural networks.

Bio-Inspired and Nanoscale Integrated Computing features an expert team of interdisciplinary authors who offer readers the benefit of their own breakthroughs in integrated computing as well as a thorough investigation and analyses of the literature. Carefully edited, the book begins with an introductory chapter providing a general overview of the field. It ends with a chapter setting forth the common themes that tie the chapters together as well as a forecast of emerging avenues of research.

Among the important topics addressed in the book are modeling of nano devices, quantum computing, quantum dot cellular automata, dielectrophoretic reconfigurable nano architectures, multilevel and three-dimensional nanomagnetic recording, spin-wave architectures and algorithms, fault-tolerant nanocomputing, molecular computing, self-assembly of supramolecular nanostructures, DNA nanotechnology and computing, nanoscale DNA sequence matching, medical nanorobotics, heterogeneous nanostructures for biomedical diagnostics, biomimetic cortical nanocircuits, bio-applications of carbon nanotubes, and nanoscale image processing.

Readers in electrical engineering, computer science, and computational biology will gain new insights into how bio-inspired and nanoscale devices can be used to design the next generation of enhanced integrated circuits.

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Nanotechnology: Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance

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Technology is becoming molecularly precise. Nanotechnology, otherwise known as molecular engineering, will soon create effective machines as small as DNA. This capacity to manipulate matter — to program matter — with atomic precision will utterly change the economic, ecological, and cultural fabric of our lives. This book, which is accessible to a broad audience while providing references to the technical literature, presents a wide range of potential applications of this new material technology. The first chapter introduces the basic concepts of molecular engineering and demonstrates that several mutually reinforcing trends in current research are leading directly into a world of surprisingly powerful molecular machines. Nine original essays on specific applications follow the introductory chapter. The first section presents applications of nanotechnology that interact directly with the molecular systems of the human body. The second presents applications that function, for the most part, outside the body. The final section details the mechanisms of a universal human-machine interface and the operation of an extremely high resolution display system.

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Multiscale Modeling of Particle Interactions: Applications in Biology and Nanotechnology

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Discover how the latest computational tools are building our understanding of particle interactions and leading to new applications

With this book as their guide, readers will gain a new appreciation of the critical role that particle interactions play in advancing research and developing new applications in the biological sciences, chemical engineering, toxicology, medicine, and manufacturing technology The book explores particles ranging in size from cations to whole cells to tissues and processed materials. A focus on recreating complex, real-world dynamical systems helps readers gain a deeper understanding of cell and tissue mechanics, theoretical aspects of multiscale modeling, and the latest applications in biology and nanotechnology.

Following an introductory chapter, Multiscale Modeling of Particle Interactions is divided into two parts:

Part I, Applications in Nanotechnology, covers:

• Multiscale modeling of nanoscale aggregation phenomena: applications in semiconductor materials processing

• Multiscale modeling of rare events in self-assembled systems

• Continuum description of atomic sheets

• Coulombic dragging and mechanical propelling of molecules in nanofluidic systems

• Molecular dynamics modeling of nanodroplets and nanoparticles

• Modeling the interactions between compliant microcapsules and patterned surfaces

Part II, Applications in Biology, covers:

• Coarse-grained and multiscale simulations of lipid bilayers

• Stochastic approach to biochemical kinetics

• In silico modeling of angiogenesis at multiple scales

• Large-scale simulation of blood flow in microvessels

• Molecular to multicellular deformation during adhesion of immune cells under flow

Each article was contributed by one or more leading experts and pioneers in the field. All readers,from chemists and biologists to engineers and students, will gain new insights into how the latesttools in computational science can improve our understanding of particle interactions and support the development of novel applications across the broad spectrum of disciplines in biology and nanotechnology.

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Metallic and Molecular Interactions in Nanometer Layers, Pores and Particles: New Findings at the Yoctolitre Level

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New developments in the nanochemistry of almost all elements of the periodic system is described mainly for the period 2006 to 2008.

This book outlines important qualities of ultrathin assemblies, which are not common knowledge for chemists like magnetism, luminescence, conductivity, thermoelectricity and density functional theory are explained in an introductory chapter. Carbon yoctowells and iron nanoparticles have separate characters and the other elements are discussed mostly in connection with interesting new nanocrystal and nanowire phenomena and the packing of molecules and atoms within yoctowells containers.

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