Dynamics and Friction in Submicrometer Confining Systems

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Dynamics and Friction in Sub-Micrometer Confining Systems emphasizes recent advancements in understanding and implementing dynamical properties at the sub-micron scales such as re-distribution and release of energy at the nano-scale due to confinement, and frictional dynamics and control at the atomic scale.

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Cheap Landau Scrubs Can Battle Superbugs Until Fabrics Can Kill Them

Can you imagine bacteria-free clothing? Such clothing would be particularly useful in fields such as the medical field, where hygienic conditions are not only important-they can be lifesaving! In particular, bacteria such as MRSA are constantly posing a threat to the health of employees and patients in medical clinics and medical centers throughout the world. Interestingly, one group of professors is developing a type of anti-bacteria clothing that actually kills unwanted microbes on shirts, pants, etc.

Actually, numerous types of harmful bacteria exist in hospitals. However, MRSA causes the majority of the roughly 90,000 annual deaths that occur in the USA, due to bacteria.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the bacteria’s official name, although the media often refers to it as the “superbug.” MRSA can remain harmless sitting inside your nose or atop your skin. However, when you become weary, injured, or have undergone surgery recently, then MRSA can become harmful or even deadly.

One common way that MRSA can spread, is through clothing. Fortunately, some professors at Wilkes University (Pennsylvania) are working on a solution to this problem. They are using nanotechnology to sense bacteria and then destroy it. Nanotechnology involves working with objects that are so tiny that you need a powerful microscope to view them.

So what exactly are the searchers creating? They designed a machine that can coat fabrics with nanopowders containing various materials. What are nanopowders, you ask? These are microscope particles whose diameters are tinier than one micrometer. In other words, they are roughly the viruses’ size. Because the naked eye cannot view them, a wearer of the treated clothing would not look like he had just rolled around in flour.

So how would the nanopowders work? After the special machine coats the fabric with the nanopowders, the fabrics could then detect and destroy particular bacteria that land on the surface of the clothing. Although washing clothing in antibacterial soap can currently destroy unwanted microbes, the nanopowders would perform that function between washings!

Unfortunately, even if the creation of the bacteria-killing fabric is a success, it might not appear on the market for several years. Until then, scrubs, such as cheap landau scrubs, are one of the best options for numerous types of medical personnel. Such attire is much more useful in preventing MRSA, than earlier medical attire and the original “medical attire”-street clothes, were.

In addition to being more hygienic than other types of clothing, scrubs also provide other benefits:

• They are comfortable. Many people are even wearing scrubs for workouts, backpacking, and lounging. In fact, some people even wear scrubs as a substitute for pajamas!
• They are available in a wide variety of colors, patterns, and sizes.
• They are easy to wash, and they dry quickly.

Perhaps one day we can purchase bacteria-killing clothing. Until that time, those working in the medical field can help to prevent the spread of bacteria. Effective methods include wearing clothes that can limit the transmission of microbes. Until clothing can zap superbugs, use scrubs to keep them at bay!

Microscale Diagnostic Techniques

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Microscale Diagnostic Techniques highlights the most innovative and powerful developments in microscale diagnostics. It provides a resource for scientists and researchers interested in learning about the techniques themselves, including their capabilities and limitations. The fields of Micro- and Nanotechnology have emerged over the past decade as a major focus of modern scientific and engineering research and technology. Driven by advances in microfabrication, the investigation, manipulation and engineering of systems characterized by micrometer and, more recently, nanometer scales have become commonplace throughout all technical disciplines. With these developments, an entirely new collection of experimental techniques has been developed to explore and characterize such systems.

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IUTAM Symposium on Modelling Nanomaterials and Nanosystems: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Aalborg, Denmark, 19-22 May, 2008

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Recent interest in nanotechnology is challenging the community to analyse, develop and design nanometer to micrometer-sized devices for applications in new generations of computer, electronics, photonics and drug delivery systems. To successfully design and fabricate novel nanomaterials and nanosystems, we must necessarily bridge the gap in our understanding of mechanical properties and processes at length scales ranging from 100 nanometers (where atomistic simulations are currently possible) to a micron (where continuum mechanics is experimentally validated). For this purpose the difficulties and complexity originate in the substantial differences in philosophy and viewpoints between conventional continuum mechanics and quantum theories. The challenge lies in how to establish the relationship between a continuum mechanical system and its atomistic counterpart in order to define continuum variables that are calculable within an atomic system.

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Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics

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Mesoscopic physics refers to the physics of structures larger than a nanometer (one billionth of a meter) but smaller than a micrometer (one millionth of a meter). This size range is the stage on which the exciting new research on submicroscopic and electronic and mechanical devices is being done. This research often crosses the boundary between physics and engineering, since engineering such tiny electronic components requires a firm grasp of quantum physics. Future applications for this work could include wonders such as microscopic robot surgeons that travel through the blood stream to repair clogged arteries, submicroscopic actuators and builders, and supercomputers that fit on the head of a pin. The world of future is being planned and built by physicists, engineers, and chemists working in the microscopic realm. This book can be used as the main text in a course on mesoscopic physics or as a supplementary text in electronic devices, semiconductor devices, and condensed matter physics courses. For this new edition, the author has substantially updated and modified the bibliography and the material on dephasing and noise in mesoscopic systems.A brief discussion of new nanosystems has been added.

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