Sensors Based on Nanostructured Materials

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“Sensors Based on Nanostructured Materials” presents the many different techniques and methods of fabricating materials on the nanometer scale, and, specifically, the utilization of these resources with regard to sensors. The techniques which are described are studied from an application-oriented perspective, providing the reader with a broader perspective of the types of nanostructured sensors available than other books which concentrate on theoretical situations related to specific fabrication techniques. Rather than focus on possible techniques for future fabrication, this book describes and explores well established techniques for fabricating sensors using nanostructured materials, and serves as a multidisciplinary text which considers the uses in optics, electronics, and biochemistry.

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Fractal Analysis and Synergetics of Catalysis in Nanosystems

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Nanochemistry is a science connected with obtaining and studying of physical-chemical properties of particles having sizes on the nanometer scale. This book addresses polymer synthesis which, according to Melikhov’s classification, is automatically part of nanochemistry. This is determined as far as polymeric macromolecules (more precisely macromolecular coils) belong to nanoparticles and polymeric sols and gels – to nanosystems. Catalysis on nanoparticles is one of the most important sections of nanochemistry. The majority of catalytic systems are nanosystems. At heterogeneous catalysis, the active substance is tried to deposit on carrier in nanoparticles form in order to increase their specific surface. At homogeneous catalysis active substance molecules have often in themselves nanometer sizes.The most favorable conditions for homogeneous catalysis are created when reagent molecules are adsorbed rapidly by nanoparticles and are desorbed slowly but have high surface mobility and, consequently, high reaction rate on the surface and at the reaction molecules of such structure are formed at which desorption rate is increased sharply. If these conditions are realised in nanosystem with larger probability than in macrosystem, then nanocatalyst has the raising activity that was observed for many systems.

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The Smallest Earth In Human History [Nanotechnology]

The Smallest Earth In Human History [Nanotechnology]
# nanotechnology This 3D map of Earth, carved by IBM’s new nanometer-scale silicon milling machine, could fit alongside 999 other Earths onto a single grain of salt. Here’s a look at the machine behind it: More »

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Current at the Nanoscale: An Introduction to Nanoelectronics

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This introductory text deals with how electric currents behave at the nanometer scale. The book ties together several aspects of recent research on current flow at the nanoscale, including its relevance in defects, grain boundaries, tunneling, and atomic contacts; its effects through nanostructures, particularly for transistor miniaturization; and the techniques used to probe currents and voltages at the nanoscale, focusing on scanning probe microscopy and transport measurements. It covers topics such as quantum transport, mesoscopic physics, and molecular electronics, among others.

Unlike other books on this subject that are almost entirely theoretical, the introductory nature of this book strikes a balance between theory and experiment. Moreover, given the introductory nature of the book, it will not become obsolete quickly and chapters can be added at later stages as new developments inevitably arise. Based largely on MEng and MPhil courses that have been originated and taught by the author, as well as on his own research, the book is written primarily for postgraduate students, but contains elements that undergraduates can also understand and apply. The wide coverage of topics allows for a broad readership base, and serves as a good starting point for those who wish to do work on nanoscale transport.

Contents:

• Macroscopic Current Flow;
• Quantum Current Flow;
• Mesoscopic Transport: Between the Nanoscale and the Macroscale;
• Scanning-Probe Multimeters; Electromigration: How Currents Move Atoms, and Implications for Nanoelectronics;
• Elements of Single-Electron and Molecular Electronics.

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Molecular Building Blocks for Nanotechnology: From Diamondoids to Nanoscale Materials and Applications

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This book deals with a “bottom-up” approach to building nanostructured systems, where one starts with atoms and molecules, which constitute the molecular building blocks (MBBs), and assembles them to build a nanostructured material. Nanotechnology MBBs are distinguished for their unique properties. They include, for example, graphite, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, diamondoids, nanowires, nanocrystals and amino acids. All these MBBs, and more, are candidates for various applications in nanotechnology. These building blocks have quite unique properties not found in small molecules. Some of these MBBs are electrical conductors, some are semiconductors, some are photonic, and the characteristic dimension of each is a few nanometers. The examples covered in this book by the sixteen chapters written by authorities all around the world include: (1) carbon nanotubes, which are five times lighter and five times stronger than steel; (2) nanowires, which can be made of metals, semiconductors, or even different types of semiconductors within a single wire; and (3) diamondoids, a form of pure carbon materials which provide excellent building blocks for positional (or robotic) assembly as well as for self-assembly.

The applications of MBBs as presented in this book should enable the practitioner of nanotechnology to design and build systems on a nanometer scale. The controlled synthesis of MBBs and their subsequent assembly (self-assembly, self-replication or positional-assembly) into nanostructures is a fundamental theme of nanotechnology. These promising nanotechnology concepts with far-reaching implications (from mechanical to chemical processes; from electronic components to ultra-sensitive sensors; from medical applications to energy systems; and from pharmaceuticals to agricultural and food chains) will impact every aspect of our future.

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