Metallic Nanoparticles, Volume 5

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Metallic nanoparticles display fascinating properties that are quite different from those of individual atoms, surfaces or bulk rmaterials. They are a focus of interest for fundamental science and, because of their huge potential in nanotechnology, they are the subject of intense research effort in a range of disciplines. Applications, or potential applications, are diverse and interdisciplinary. They include, for example, use in biochemistry, in catalysis and as chemical and biological sensors, as systems for nanoelectronics and nanostructured magnetism (e.g. data storage devices), where the drive for further miniaturization provides tremendous technological challenges and, in medicine, there is interest in their potential as agents for drug delivery.

The book describes the structure of metallic nanoparticles, the experimental and theoretical techniques by which this is determined, and the models employed to facilitate understanding. The various methods for the production of nanoparticles are outlined. It surveys the properties of clusters and the methods of characterisation, such as photoionization, optical spectroscopy, chemical reactivity and magnetic behaviour, and discusses element-specific information that can be extracted by synchrotron-based techniques such as EXAFS, XMCD and XMLD. The properties of clusters can vary depending on whether they are free, deposited on a surface or embedded in a matrix of another material; these issues are explored. Clusters on a surface can be formed by the diffusion and aggregation of atoms; ways of modelling these processes are described. Finally we look at nanotechnology and examine the science behind the potential of metallic nanoparticles in chemical synthesis, catalysis, the magnetic separation of biomolecules, the detection of DNA, the controlled release of molecules and their relevance to data storage.

The book addresses a wide audience. There was a huge development of the subject beginning in the mid-1980s where researchers began to study the properties of free nanoparticle and models were developed to describe the observations. The newcomer is introduced to the established models and techniques of the field without the need to refer to other sources to make the material accessible. It then takes the reader through to the latest research and provides a comprehensive list of references for those who wish to pursue particular aspects in more detail. It will also be an invaluable handbook for the expert in a particular aspect of nanoscale research who wishes to acquire knowledge of other areas.

The authors are specialists in different aspects of the subject with expertise in physics and chemistry, experimental techniques and computational modelling, and in interdisciplinary research. They have collaborated in research. They have also collaborated in writing this book, with the aim from the outset of making it is a coherent whole rather than a series of independent loosely connected articles.

* Appeals to a wide audience
* Provides an introduction to established models and techniques in the field
* Comprehensive list of references

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Introduction to Biophotonics

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Paras Prasad’s text provides a basic knowledge of a broad range of topics so that individuals in all disciplines can rapidly acquire the minimal necessary background for research and development in biophotonics. Introduction to Biophotonics serves as both a textbook for education and training as well as a reference book that aids research and development of those areas integrating light, photonics, and biological systems. Each chapter contains a topic introduction, a review of key data, and description of future directions for technical innovation. Introduction to Biophotonics covers the basic principles of

• Optics
  
• Optical spectroscopy
  
• Microscopy

Each section also includes illustrated examples and review questions to test and advance the reader’s knowledge. Sections on biosensors and chemosensors, important tools for combating biological and chemical terrorism, will be of particular interest to professionals in toxicology and other environmental disciplines. Introduction to Biophotonics proves a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in engineering, chemistry, and the life sciences.

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Progress in Nano-Electro-Optics VI: Nano-Optical Probing, Manipulation, Analysis, and Their Theoretical Bases

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This volume focuses on nano-optical probing, manipulation, and analysis. It begins with recent developments in near-field optical spectroscopy that clarify quantum states at the nanoscale, followed by a theory for a photon-electron-phonon interacting system at the nanoscale. Further topics include: visible laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy exhibiting near-field effects; a practical nanofabrication method with optical near fields applied to a SHG device; a theory and experimental achievements on optical transport of nanoparticles, selectively manipulated by resonant radiation force. Taken as a whole, this overview will be a valuable resource for engineers and scientists working in the field of nano-electro-optics.

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Organic Molecular Nanotechnology: Functional Nanofibers from Functionalised p-Quaterphenylenes

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A new bottom-up nanotechnology approach is presented here: It starts with organic synthesis of functionalised materials and includes self-assembled growth of nanofibers, which are proven to be highly functional for future sub-micron optoelectronics. This approach combines organic chemistry (transition metal catalysed cross-coupling reactions) and physical processing and characterisation techniques (high vacuum, organic molecular beam epitaxy, atomic force microscopy, optical spectroscopy and microscopy). Therefore it is of equal interest for chemists and physicists.The organic nanofibers are grown in a self-assembly process to mutually aligned arrays on a muscovite mica substrate. They exhibit outstanding (optical) properties.Functional groups are implemented at the terminal positions of rodlike p-quaterphenylenes to generate new molecular building blocks for tailormade nanofibers. The fluorescence peak emission frequency shifts within the blue and the overall shape of the nanofibers alters depending on the functionalisation. Push-pull functionalised oligomers lead to nanofibers with strong non-linear optical response – they act as frequency doublers.

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