Particle Size Analysis 1988

Product Description
The study of particle characteristics in terms of size, surface area and shear has attracted widespread interest over many years. Initially the emphasis has been on the instrumentation and measurement of particle size but with the increasing importance of particle characterisation in the fields of chemical processing, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, food and biological materials, the informational needs have been enlarged and the emphasis has changed to incorporate material parameters other than particle size. The papers are very much concerned with the practical aspects of analysis and useful sections on surface area measurement and presentation and interpretation of data are included. All methods of analysis are covered including electrical sensing, light scattering and spectroscopy.

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Manual on Test Sieving Methods

Product Description
Intended for use as a supplement to many published ASTM standards relating to the sieve analysis of materials, this manual brings together from many sources proven methods for making reliable sieve analyses. It promotes a general understanding of particle size distribution analysis using test sieves. A handy guide for beginners and an excellent reference for the more advanced. For lab technicians, Q&A supervisors, ISO managers in the following industries: mining, construction aggregate, road and paving, building, cement, plastics, pharmaceuticals, roofing, steel, and food.

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Processing of Particulate Solids

Product Description
Over half of the products of the chemical and process industries are sold in a particulate form. The range of such products is vast: from agrochemicals to pigments, from detergents to foods, from plastics to pharmaceuticals. However, surveys of the performance of processes designed to produce particulate products have consistently shown inadequate design and poor reliability. `Particle technology’ is a new subject facing new challenges. Chemical and process engineering is becoming less concerned with the design of plants to produce generic simple chemicals (which are often single phase fluids) and is now more concerned with speciality `effect’ chemicals which may often be in particulate form. Chemical and process engineers are also being recruited in increasing numbers into areas outside their tranditional fields, such as the food industry, pharmaceuticals and the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer products. This book has been written to meet their needs. It provides comprehensive coverage of the technology of particulate solids, in a form which is both accessible and concise enough to be useful to engineering and science students in the final year of an undergraduate degree, and at Master’s level. Although it was written with students of chemical engineering in mind, it will also be of use and interest to students of other disciplines. It comprises an account of the fundamentals of teh subject, illustrated by worked examples, and followed by a wide range of selected applications.

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Handbook of Ellipsometry

Product Description

Ever progressive miniaturization of integrated circuits and breakthroughs in knowledge of biological macromolecules deriving from DNA and protein surface research are propelling ellipsometry, a measurement technique based on phase and amplitude changes in polarized light, to greater popularity in a widening array of applications. Ellipsometry, without contact and non-damaging to samples, is an ideal measurement technique to determine optical and physical properties of materials at the nano scale. With the acceleration of new instruments and applications occurring today, this book provides a much needed foundation of the science and technology of ellipsometry for scientists and engineers in industry and academia at the forefront of nanotechnology developments in instrumentation, integrated circuits, fiber optics, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals. Divided into four sections, this comprehensive handbook covers the theory of ellipsometry, instrumentation, applications, and emerging areas.

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Why Collagen Facial Creams Are a Waste of Money

You might pay $100 or more for a jar of collagen facial cream. But, what are you really paying for? The cost of collagen creams has a lot to do with the advertising and marketing campaigns that the company uses. The ingredients in them are relatively cheap. Here are some things that you might not know.

Collagens are simple proteins found in the fibers that compose the dermis layer of the skin. There are four to five layers of keratin-rich cells, before you get to the dermis. So, if collagen facial cream was to be effective, it would need to penetrate through four to five layers of skin.

Even if they did penetrate, collagen creams would not help to replace the collagen-fibers that are lost with age. There are ways to do that, which I’ll get to in a moment, but collagen creams won’t do the job. Not to mention the fact that the manufacturers only include very small amounts.

When you read the list of ingredients on a product label, they are listed according to the percentage of the product that they make up, from highest to lowest. If there are any “active” ingredients, they will be listed first.

In the US, the only ingredients that are considered active are pharmaceuticals and sunscreens. They don’t consider protein an active ingredient. So, as you scan down the list of ingredients on a collagen facial cream, you are likely to see water or “aqua” listed first.

I’ve looked at a lot of products over the years and in many cases, the ingredient “collagen” is the 20th ingredient listed. The artificial preservatives are far above. Since, there is a maximum amount of an artificial preservative that can be included in a cosmetic and the percentage is very low, that tells us something.

It tells us that the amount of the protein that is actually included in collagen creams is not nearly enough to provide any benefit. Luckily, we have alternatives.

To delay and counter the signs of age, a skincare product must address three issues. They are low levels of hyaluronic acid, free radical damage and decreased production of skin cells and fibers.

To improve levels of hyaluronic acid, the enzymatic activity that breaks it down must be inhibited. Extracts from wakame kelp will do that.

To prevent and repair free radical damage, the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 is needed, but it must be properly formulated using expensive nanotechnology or it will not penetrate through the skin’s layers. There is no collagen facial cream that contains that ingredient.

To stimulate the production of new cells and fibers, scientific research has shown that zinc and copper bound to protein perform that service. But, you have to be careful. There are some companies that are aware of the benefit of copper, but they use too much and it can cause a serious allergic reaction.

Basically, collagen creams are a waste of money and even time, because it takes so long to read the long list of artificial ingredients. Now, you know that a collagen facial cream is not your best option, regardless of how much it costs.

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