Microelectronics and Microsystems: Emergent Design Techniques

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This book contains selected contributions from the theses produced by the attendees of the second Master in Microelectronics and Systems series of workshops held at the University of Catania from May 2000 to January 2001.
The book aims to provide an advanced source of training for graduates in Electrical Engineering and Physics and to give comprehensive instruction in the emerging areas of microelectronics such as:
- CAD
- microprocessor design
- circuits for wireless communications
- very-large-scale integrated circuits for intelligent systems
- electronics for automotive systems
Links from microelectronic theory to the “real world” are provided by the involvement in the project of companies and government research groups connected with the area.

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Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical Energy Production and Storage

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The key problem facing new energy conversion and storage technologies remains device efficiency. Designs based on nanostructured materials can yield improved performance in devices employing electrochemical reactions and heterogeneous catalysis, such as fuel and solar cells, batteries, etc. Nanoscale structures dramatically alter the surface reaction rates and electrical transport throughout the material, causing a dramatic improvement in energy storage, conversion, and generation. This book describes properties of nanostructured materials that can be the basis of improved performance in a wide range of alternative energy devices. Fundamental concepts of nanostructured materials such as nanocrystals synthesis and properties, thermodynamics and defect chemistry, and interfacial and physical electrochemistry are presented as are the impact and application of nanoscale materials in specific alternative energy devices. These materials and devices promise not only the development of a wide range of new technologies, but also the potential for a more sustainable energy future. Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical Energy Production and Storage is an authoritative and essential reference from world-renowned research groups for scientists and engineers in the fields of materials science and electrochemistry.

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Tracing emerging irreversibilities in emerging technologies: The case of nanotubes

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This digital document is a journal article from Technological Forecasting & Social Change, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
This paper contributes to the development of methods for mapping and understanding the dynamics of emerging technologies. Our key concept is the notion of irreversibilities that emerge in the ongoing activities of researchers, institutes, policy makers and firms. Emerging irreversibilities denote the first socio-cognitive patterns that decrease the fluidity and openness, and that, eventually constrain and enable future activities. To trace the emerging irreversibilities we focus on the dynamics of expectations and the agenda building processes. A three-level framework is presented to analyse and visualise the dynamics in three interrelated contexts: the level of the research groups, the technological field and the society. This three-level framework allows the analyst to study different perspectives of a specific case and at the same time retain overview of the situation. By applying it to a particular application in nanotechnology, we will show that it is possible to trace the emerged irreversibilities. To conclude, we will discuss how the analysis of early dynamics is a vital ingredient of technology assessment studies that, indirectly (by means of the involved actors), seeks to influence the technological development at stake. By placing the constructive technology assessment (CTA) approach in a historical perspective of technology assessment, we will show the relevance of our method for CTA studies.

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Nano-Society: Pushing the Boundaries of Technology

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This book puts a spotlight on some of the scientists who are pushing the boundaries of technology and it gives examples of their work and how they are advancing knowledge one little step at a time. The book shatters the monolithic term “nanotechnology” into the myriad of facets that it really is. It is a journey through the world of nanotechnology research and development, taking a personal look at how nanotechnologies get created today and by whom. The book covers 122 very specific research projects that are happening in laboratories around the world and provides commentaries from the scientists in their own words. However, the collection of stories in this book barely scratches the surface of the vast and growing body of research that leads us into the nanotechnology age. The selection presented in the book is not meant to rank some laboratories and scientists higher than others, nor to imply that the work introduced in the book is more important or valuable than all the work that is not covered. The intention is to give the interested reader an idea of the incredibly diverse aspects that make up nanotechnology research and development – the results of which will bring about a new era of industrial and medical technologies. Nanoscience and nanotechnology research is a truly multidisciplinary and international effort. Each of the chapters is based on a particular scientific paper that has been published in a peer-reviewed journal and, while each story revolves around one or two scientists who were interviewed for this book, many, if not most, of the scientific accomplishments covered in the book are the result of collaborative efforts by several scientists and research groups, often from different organizations and from different countries.

The book is different to other books in this field because it provides a novel human touch to nanotechnology research by not only covering a wide range of research topics but also the (often nameless) scientists behind this research. The book is a collection of Spotlight articles from the popular Nanowerk website and each article has been crafted with the author(s) of a scientific paper and signed off by them prior to being posted on Nanowerk.

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New Nanotechnology Developments

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Nanotechnology is considered an unlimited discipline inasmuch as it is considered as a mother technology by means of a reductionist approach. Nanotechnology is regarded as a fundamental technology that could ground all the technologies in a similar fashion to the unified theory of physics. Nevertheless, nanotechnology definition, in terms of the system size, which should be less than 1000 nanometres, is not related to the properties of objects or application areas. This confers Nanotechnology with a semantic vagueness that has been profited by several research groups to obtain financial funds inasmuch as nanocosmos has turned out to be a new frontier for scientific research. It is not about building a new world, atom by atom, but of miniaturizing the mesocosmic world to a nanometric scale. Having this in mind, it is necessary to integrate physics, chemistry and molecular biology, notwithstanding are open fields which avoids attaining the goal of a unified theory. Hence, Nanotechnology is heavily grounded in frontier sciences and uses instruments developed for natural sciences investigations. Nanotechnology has continuously evolved sharing with past technologies the same approaches to science policy, therefore, it is problematic to consider nanotechnology as a radical change in the development of technology.

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