Introduction to Space Charge Effects in Semiconductors

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This book is the most comprehensive one to describe the basics of space-charge effects in semiconductors, starting from basic principles to advanced application in semiconducting devices. It uses detailed analyses of the transport, Poisson, and continuity equations to demonstrate the behavior of the solution curves of the complete set of field and current distributions, along with quantitative descriptions of the relevant band models of typical pn-junction and Schottky barrier devices. It emphasizes the relevance to actual devices and sets these results apart from more simple models of networks of diodes and resistors. The book is especially important for people interested in detail analysis of solar cells and their efficiencies.

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Semiconductor Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications

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Written by today’s best researchers of semiconductor nanostructures, this cutting-edge resource provides a snapshot of this exciting and fast-changing field. The book covers the latest advances in nanotechnology and discusses the applications of nanostructures to optoelectronics, photonics, and electronics. You learn how to grow, characterize and design optoelectronic devices using semiconductor nanostrucutres, and how to incorporate semiconductor nanostructures materials into conventional quantum well devices. Moreover, the book reviews optical, electronic, and structural characterization techniques to help you determine the properties of nanostructures and explore novel nanostructured materials.

This unique reference describes revolutionary devices that have been enabled by the growth of quantum dots, including quantum dot lasers and quantum dot detectors. You find detailed discussions on some of the more promising semiconductor material systems that have demonstrated nanostructuring, such as III-Nitrides, antimony-based, Silicon germanium, and Zinc Oxide. The book also provides a solid understanding of ordered carbon nanotubes and related structures, along with explanations of their novel uses as infrared detectors and solar cells.

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Carbon Nano Forms and Applications

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Cutting-edge coverage of carbon nanoscale science

This definitive volume offers an in-depth look at the unique properties and potential applications of carbon nanomaterials (CNM). Beginning with a description of various CNM types, Carbon Nanoforms and Applications addresses the need to develop a new classification of carbon. After discussing the fundamental physics, the book covers techniques for CNM synthesis and characterization. This authoritative resource then provides comprehensive information on the physico-chemical and biosystems applications of CNMs.

Carbon Nanoforms and Applications covers:

• Theoretical aspects of CNM
• Synthesis and characterization of CNM
• Electron field emission
• Fuel cells
• Electric double-layer capacitors
• Hydrogen storage
• Lithium-ion batteries
• Carbon solar cells
• Microwave absorption
• Carbon nanosensors
• Biosystems
• Cancer treatment
• Nano-enabled drug delivery
• Antimicrobial properties
• Tissue fabrication
• Neurogenesis
• Food and cosmetics

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Excitations in Organic Solids

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During the last decade our expertise in nanotechnology has advanced considerably. The possibility of incorporating in the same nanostructure different organic and inorganic materials has opened up a promising field of research, and has greatly increased the interest in the study of properties of excitations in organic materials. In this book not only the fundamentals of Frenkel exciton and polariton theory are described, but also the electronic excitations and electronic energy transfers in quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots, at surfaces, at interfaces, in thin films, in multilayers, and in microcavities. Among the new topics in the book are those devoted to the optics of hybrid Frenkel-Wannier-Mott excitons in nanostructures, polaritons in organic microcavities including hybrid organic-inorganic microcavities, new concepts for organic light emitting devices, the mixing of Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons in organic quasi one-dimensional crystals, excitons and polaritons in one and two-dimensional crystals, surface electronic excitations, optical biphonons, and Fermi resonances by polaritons. All new phenomena described in the book are illustrated by available experimental observations.

The book will be useful for scientists working in the field of photophysics and photochemistry of organic solids (for example, organic light-emitting devices and solar cells), and for students who are entering this field. It is partly based on a book by the author written in 1968 – “Theory of Excitons” – in Russian. However the new book includes only 5 chapters from this version, all of which have been updated. The 10 new chapters contain discussions of new phenomena, their theory and their experimental observations.

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Interface properties of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunctions: Modeling, experiments and solar cells

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Solar cells based on monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) can potentially achieve high sunlight energy conversion efficiencies and thus could reach grid parity despite the high cost of c-Si. The efficiency of standard c-Si solar cells featuring diffused emitters and aluminum back surface fields (BSF) is limited by interface recombination. Alternatively the growth of intrinsic/doped amorphous silicon (a- Si:H) layer stacks on c-Si effectively passivates the c-Si surface and simultaneously forms the emitter and BSF. Such Si heterojunction (HJ) solar cells can use thin c-Si wafers, benefit from low production cost of a-Si:H layers and enable the highest efficiencies. The focus of this work is the study of interfaces in a-Si:H/c-Si heterostructures, particularly the electronic quality of the a-Si:H/c-Si heterointerface and its effect on the subsequent a- Si:H/c-Si HJ solar cell fabrication. Interface recombination modeling by considering the amphoteric nature of Si dangling bonds is in excellent agreement with measurements, and provides insight into the microscopic passivation mechanisms.

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