Redox Systems Under Nano-Space Control

Redox Systems Under Nano-Space Control

The generation of novel redox systems under nano-space control is one of the most exciting fields in present organic, inorganic, and supramolecular chemistry. The authors have drawn together the newest information on the construction of such novel redox systems using nano-space control of complexation or molecular chain-induced spaces and metal- or self-assembled spaces through combining techniques in coordination, supramolecular, and bio-inspired chemistry. Such design on the nano level produces hybrid conjugated systems composed of transition and synthetic metals, metallohosts, redox-active self-assembled monolayers of helical peptides, DNA-directed metal arrays, photoactive antibody systems, chiral rotaxanes, and redox-active imprinted polymers. In the future, these systems will be the basis for novel selective electron-transfer reactions as well as new functional materials and catalysts.

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Observation on CNT-FED under various vacuum levels and calculation on number of electron-gas collisions

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This digital document is a journal article from Displays, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Based on experimental observation and theoretical analysis, it explicates that light emission of a carbon nanotube-field emission display (CNT-FED) is mainly caused by electron bombardment on the phosphour if the level of vacuum ranges from 10^-^4 to 5Pa. In this case, light emission of the phosphour excited by ultraviolet (UV) light derived from gas discharge cannot be observed. If vacuum level is greater than 5Pa, no emitted light is observed, since a large amount of gas ionisation reduces the electric potential difference between the cathode and the anode. To analyze collision between electron and gas under field emission conditions, a mathematical and physical model was built. Based on this model the number of electron-gas collisions is calculated. Calculations results indicate that the product of gas pressure and distance between the electrodes (pd) is a better parameter to characterize the effect of vacuum level for FED than gas pressure only. Calculations results also show that if the distance between the cathode and the anode is increased, it should be to improve the vacuum level to obtain the same effect.

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Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes under Axial Strain: Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes under Axial Strain and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Individual Carbon Nanotubes

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Resonant Raman spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotube bundles under axial strains up to 17% are presented. This strain causes nanotube debundling which gives insight into the nature of the broad metallic G- band. For metallic nanotubes, the G- band upshifts and narrows with strain, making it appear more semiconductor-like. This metal to semiconductor transition is irreversible with strain, indicating that nanotube-nanotube coupling plays a significant role in the observed G- band of metallic nanotubes. The vibrational and electronic properties of these nanotubes under strain are modeled using tight-binding calculations. A systematic study of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of carbon nanotubes. Raman spectra of individual carbon nanotubes are measured before and after depositing silver nanoparticles. Regions exhibiting SERS enhancement were located relative to a grid, allowing subsequent scanning electron microscopy to be performed. SERS enhancement factors up to 134,000, a consistent upshift in the G band Raman frequency and nanoparticle heating in excess of 600°C are revealed.

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Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Regulation Under Environmental, Health, and Safety Laws

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Biotechnology & Nanotechnology: Regulation Under Environmental, Health, and Safety Laws analyzes regulation governing biotechnology and nanotechnology industries. Regulation of biotechnology, which generally encompasses the manipulation of living materials by passing genetic information from one organism to another, emerged in the 1970′s and is of major concern to the medical, pharmaceutical, chemical manufacturing, and agricultural fields. Nanotechnology, which refers to the design and production of molecular-sized devices and products, is a more recent field whose regulation has an impact on the same industries as biotechnology and also affects semiconductors, communications technology, cosmetics, and consumer products. Additional regulation is quite likely because the need for knowledge of the risks involved in industry processes and products is increasing. Both fields are subject to the same regulatory schemes, and this book describes the application of substantive laws, such as the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Clean Air Act, to each segment of the biotechnology nanotechnology industry. Also discussed are international issues and ongoing development of regulations governing these fields.

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